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International Journal of Neuroscience and Behavior Studies. (IJNB) is a peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to the latest advancements in Clinical Neurology and research. The journal will emphasize high-level research of clinical relevance and exhilarating approach. IJNB deals with the prevention, diagnosis of Neurological disorders.

IJNB publishes original research articles, review articles, clinical review articles, practice articles, editorials, short communications, case reports, blogs, clinical management guidelines, research methods and reporting articles in all areas Neurology. We hope that Researchers, Academicians, and Industrialists etc. would make use of this journal publication for the development of technology and to enhance our journal with your research and experience.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following

Psychobiology, Depression
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
Anxiety and Neuro-degenerative Diseases
Psychology and Human Behaviour
Organizational Behaviour and Behavioural Sciences
Sleep-Related Diseases
Behaviourism and Emotional Disorders
Neuro-vascular Diseases and Bipolar Disorder
Neurosurgery and Neuropsychology

Neuro-oncology and Neuro-pathology
Schizoaffective Disorder
Neuro-endocrinology
Cyber Psychology and Behaviour Genetics
Neuro-embryology, Neuro-traumatology
Neuro-pharmacology and Neurotoxicology

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Do neuropathy and hypertension associated with increased risk of hearing loss among type 2 diabetic patients?

Authors:Abdulbari Bener*, Lutfu Hanoglu , Hakan Cincik , Mustafa Guzel , Mustafa Ozturk ,Ralph A. DeFronzo , Muhammad Abdul-Ghani ,

Do neuropathy and hypertension associated with increased risk of hearing loss among type 2 diabetic patients?

Abdulbari Bener*, Lütfü Hanoglu, Hakan Cincik, Mustafa Güzel, Mustafa Öztürk, Ralph A.DeFronzo, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between neuropathy and hearing loss among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: Cross sectional study carried on subjects aged between 20 and 60 years who visited the Ear Nose Throat (ENT), diabetic

metabolic syndrome, and Endocrinology outpatient clinics registry of the Medipol International School of Medicine, Medipol Hospital

during the study period from February 2015 to May 2017. Of the total 850 diabetic patients approached, 610 (71.9%), gave their consent.

During the study period, prevalence, hearing, audiological test, family history and medical problems associated with hearing impairment

in middle aged patients were recorded. Two audiometers Grason Stadler GSI 61 and Interacoustics AC40 Clinical audiometer were used

to evaluate the hearing loss.

Results: The mean age (± SD, in years) for neuropathy with hearing loss versus normal subjects was 47.7 ±10.2 vs.48.5±9.1. The associated

risk factors were significantly higher in T2DM with hearing loss, hypertension, (32.6% vs 15.7%), tinnitus (40.0% vs 18.0%),

vertigo (59.7% vs 26.8%) and headache (54.9% vs 45.3%), than in normal hearing diabetes. There were statistically significant differences

between hearing impairment versus normal hearing for vitamin D [18.09±7.65 ng/ml vs 22.85±9.00 ng/ml; p<0.001], calcium

(p<0.001), magnesium (p<0.001), phosphorous (p<0.001), ceatinine (p=0.007), cholesterol [(p<0.001), HDL (p<0.001), LDL (p<0.001),

albumin (p=0.010), systolic blood pressure [129.75±10.60 Hg vs 126.73±12.39 Hg; p=0.017] and, diastolic blood pressure [81.09±9.2

mm Hg vs 79.29±7.95 mm Hg; p=0.012] and microalbuminuria (p=0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that

variables for predictors of hearing loss with neuropathy among diabetic patients were vertigo (p<0.001), numbness (p<0.001), hypertension

(p<0.001), duration of DM (p<0.001), head ache (p<0.001), Vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001), sleeping disturbance (p=0.012),

BMI (p=0.033), and cigarette smokers considered at higher risk as a predictors of neuropathy with hearing loss among diabetic patients.

Conclusion: The current study results suggests a strong positive association between neuropathy and hearing impairment among

T2DM. The study confirms that the Hypertensive and diabetic patients have moderately increased risk of future hearing loss.

International Journal of Neurosciecne and Behavior Studies

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Do neuropathy and hypertension associated with increased risk of hearing loss among type 2 diabetic patients?